In today's world, industrially developed countries attach great importance to the machine tool industry, competing to develop mechatronics, high-precision, high-efficiency, high-automation advanced machine tools to accelerate the development of industry and national economy. For a long time, Europe, the United States and Asia have competed fiercely with each other in the international market, forming an invisible front. Especially with the progress of microelectronics and computer technology, the development of CNC machine tools accelerated after the 1980s, and users from all walks of life proposed more Multi-demand has already become the focus of machine tool manufacturers from various countries competing to display advanced technologies, compete for users, and expand the market at the four major international machine tool exhibitions. After China's accession to the WTO, it officially participated in the fierce competition in the world market. How to strengthen the strength of the machine tool industry and accelerate the development of the CNC machine tool industry in the future is an urgent and arduous task.

Technical characteristics and development conditions of CNC machine tools

In 1948, the U.S. Air Force provided equipment research funds for the manufacture of aircraft miscellaneous parts. G&L and MIT cooperated in research for four years. In 1952, the world's first CNC milling machine was trial-produced, and 100 units were immediately produced for military use. In terms of achievements, it shows that it is the crystallization of social needs, technological level, and personnel quality; in terms of technology, it shows the great innovation in the control of mechatronic machine tools.

Technical characteristics of CNC machine tools

CNC machine tools have the following three outstanding features:

Using binary mathematical input, the machining process can be programmed arbitrarily, the spindle and feed speed can be changed according to the needs of the machining process, and multi-coordinate linkage can be realized, making it easy to process complex curved surfaces. The processing object has the characteristics of "changeable, changeable, fickle", and it is convenient to change batches and adjust. It can realize the flexible production of small and medium batches of miscellaneous items and varieties, and adapt to the society's demand for product diversification. However, the price is relatively expensive, and the economic rationality of its use needs to be correctly analyzed;

The combination of hardware and software can realize information feedback, compensation, automatic acceleration and deceleration and other functions, which can further improve the machining accuracy, efficiency and automation of the machine tool;

It is a mechatronic machine tool based on electronic control, giving full play to the unique advantages of microelectronics and computer technology, easy to realize informatization, intelligence, and networking, and can easily form various advanced manufacturing systems, such as FMS, FTL , FA, and even CIMS in the future can maximize industrial productivity and labor productivity.

Conditions for the development of CNC machine tools

Everything has its characteristics and development conditions, and people can accelerate their development only after mastering them. The development conditions of CNC machine tools mainly include:

It is a comprehensive combination of various high-tech disciplines of mechanics, electricity, hydraulics, gas, and light. In particular, it is based on modern advanced technologies such as electronics and computers. It must have a solid technical foundation and complement each other. If it is not complete, it will be difficult for CNC machine tools to develop smoothly;

The CNC machine tool is composed of three parts: the main engine, various components (functional parts) and the CNC system. It also needs the cooperation of advanced automatic tools to realize the processing. Each link must pass the technical and quality standards to ensure reliable work. Stability can ensure the accuracy, efficiency and automation of CNC machine tools, otherwise, it will be difficult to use in actual production;

It is a combination of social needs, scientific and technological level and personnel quality, and neither is indispensable. If the quality of personnel is poor and the level of science and technology cannot be reached, it will be difficult to meet social needs. People are the main body of all activities, and all kinds of experts, talents and skilled workers who are proficient in business are required to cooperate with each other and complete them together. Otherwise, it is difficult for CNC machine tools to develop smoothly.

The Main Experience of Developing CNC Machine Tools in Industrial Developed Countries

In the 50 years since the appearance of CNC machine tools, it has continued to develop with the advancement of technology, especially microelectronics and computer technology. The United States, Germany, and Japan are countries with advanced technology and the most experience in the research, design, manufacture and use of CNC machine tools in the world today. Because of their different social conditions, each has its own characteristics.

The characteristic of the United States is that the government attaches great importance to the machine tool industry, and the US Department of Defense and other departments continue to propose the development direction of machine tools, scientific research tasks and provide sufficient funds, and recruit talents from all over the world, especially pay attention to "efficiency" and "innovation", and focus on basic scientific research. Therefore, continuous innovation in machine tool technology, such as the development of the world's first CNC machine tool in 1952, the creation of a machining center in 1958, the development of FMS in the early 1970s, and the first open CNC system in 1987. Because the United States is the first to combine the production needs of automobiles and bearings, it has fully developed a large number of automatic lines required for production automation, and its electronic and computer technology is leading in the world. Scientific research and innovation, so its high-performance CNC machine tool technology has always been leading in the world. Today, the United States not only produces high-performance CNC machine tools used in aerospace, but also produces cheap and practical CNC machine tools for small and medium-sized enterprises (such as Haas, Fadal, etc.). The lesson of its existence is that it focuses on basic scientific research and neglects applied technology, and the government once relaxed its guidance in the 1980s, resulting in a slow increase in the output of CNC machine tools. In 1982, it was overtaken by Japan, which was lagging behind, and imported in large quantities. Since the 1990s, the past bias has been corrected, and the technology of CNC machine tools has turned to practicality, and the output has gradually increased.

The German government has always attached importance to the important strategic position of the machine tool industry and vigorously supported it in many aspects. Pay special attention to "practice" and "effectiveness", adhere to "people-oriented", pass on from teacher to student, and continuously improve the quality of personnel. On the basis of developing a large number of production automation, after developing the first CNC machine tool in 1956, it has been insisting on seeking truth from facts, emphasizing the scientific spirit, and constantly advancing steadily. Germany pays special attention to scientific experiments, the combination of theory and practice, and equal emphasis on basic scientific research and applied technical research. The company cooperates closely with the scientific research department of the university to conduct in-depth research on user products, processing technology, machine tool layout structure, commonality and characteristics of CNC machine tools, and strive for excellence in quality. Germany's CNC machine tools are of good quality and performance, advanced and practical, and genuine, and are exported all over the world. Especially large, heavy, precision CNC machine tools. Germany pays special attention to the advanced and practical CNC machine tools and supporting parts. Its mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, gas, optical, cutting tools, measurement, numerical control systems, and various functional components rank among the top in the world in terms of quality and performance. For example, the numerical control system of Siemens and the precision grating of Heidenhain are world-renowned and are competing to adopt.

The Japanese government attaches great importance to the development of the machine tool industry, and guides development through planning and regulations (such as "machine vibration law", "mechanical and electrical law", "machine letter law", etc.). Learn from Germany in terms of emphasizing talents and supporting machine tool components, and learn from the United States in terms of quality management and CNC machine tool technology, and even outperform the blue. Japan is also similar to the United States and Germany, fully developing a large number of large-scale production automation, and then fully developing CNC machine tools for small and medium-sized flexible production automation. Since the first CNC machine tool was developed in 1958, the output in 1978 (7,342 sets) surpassed that of the United States (5,688 sets), and the output and export volume have been ranking first in the world so far (the output in 2001 was 46,604 sets, and the export volume was 27,409 sets, accounting for 59%) . Strategically, imitate first and create later. The mid-range CNC machine tools with large and wide output are exported in large quantities, occupying the vast market in the world. In the 1980s, it began to further strengthen scientific research and develop towards high-performance CNC machine tools. In terms of strategy, first of all, by learning the total quality control (TQC) of the United States, it becomes a conscious group activity of employees to ensure product quality. Then accelerate the development of electronics and computer technology, enter the forefront of the world, and pave the way for the development of mechatronic CNC machine tools. In the process of developing CNC machine tools, Japan has paid close attention to the key points and highlighted the development of CNC systems. Japan's FANUC company has a correct strategy, combines imitation and innovation, and develops various low, medium and high-end CNC systems required by the market in a targeted manner. It is leading in technology and ranks first in the world in terms of output. The company currently has 3,674 employees, more than 600 scientific researchers, and a monthly production capacity of 7,000 sets. The sales account for 50% of the world market and about 70% of the domestic market. It has greatly promoted the development of CNC machine tools in Japan and the world. effect.